Level: A2-B1
Countries, Demonyms & Capitals
The most common country names in English, each with its demonym, capital city, estimated population, and official language(s) — great for geography vocabulary and spelling practice.
- Africa
- Algeria, Algerian – Algiers, 45 million, Arabic / Berber
- Angola, Angolan – Luanda, 36 million, Portuguese
- Benin, Beninese – Porto-Novo, 13 million, French
- Botswana, Botswanan – Gaborone, 2.6 million, English / Setswana
- Burkina Faso, Burkinabe – Ouagadougou, 23 million, French
- Burundi, Burundian – Gitega, 13 million, Kirundi / French
- Cameroon, Cameroonian – Yaounde, 28 million, French / English
- Cape Verde, Cape Verdean – Praia, 0.6 million, Portuguese
- Chad, Chadian – N'Djamena, 18 million, French / Arabic
- Comoros, Comorian – Moroni, 0.9 million, Arabic / French / Comorian
- DR Congo, Congolese – Kinshasa, 102 million, French
- Republic of the Congo, Congolese – Brazzaville, 6 million, French
- Djibouti, Djiboutian – Djibouti, 1.1 million, French / Arabic
- Egypt, Egyptian – Cairo, 113 million, Arabic
- Equatorial Guinea, Equatoguinean – Malabo, 1.6 million, Spanish / French / Portuguese
- Eritrea, Eritrean – Asmara, 3.7 million, Tigrinya / Arabic / English
- Eswatini, Swazi – Mbabane, 1.2 million, Swazi / English
- Ethiopia, Ethiopian – Addis Ababa, 126 million, Amharic
- Gabon, Gabonese – Libreville, 2.3 million, French
- Gambia, Gambian – Banjul, 2.8 million, English
- Ghana, Ghanaian – Accra, 34 million, English
- Guinea, Guinean – Conakry, 14 million, French
- Guinea-Bissau, Bissau-Guinean – Bissau, 2.1 million, Portuguese
- Ivory Coast, Ivorian – Yamoussoukro, 29 million, French
- Kenya, Kenyan – Nairobi, 56 million, English / Swahili
- Lesotho, Basotho – Maseru, 2.3 million, Sesotho / English
- Liberia, Liberian – Monrovia, 5.5 million, English
- Libya, Libyan – Tripoli, 7 million, Arabic
- Madagascar, Malagasy – Antananarivo, 30 million, Malagasy / French
- Malawi, Malawian – Lilongwe, 20 million, English / Chichewa
- Mali, Malian – Bamako, 22 million, French
- Mauritania, Mauritanian – Nouakchott, 5 million, Arabic
- Mauritius, Mauritian – Port Louis, 1.3 million, English / French
- Morocco, Moroccan – Rabat, 37 million, Arabic / Berber
- Mozambique, Mozambican – Maputo, 33 million, Portuguese
- Namibia, Namibian – Windhoek, 2.7 million, English
- Niger, Nigerien – Niamey, 27 million, French
- Nigeria, Nigerian – Abuja, 223 million, English
- Rwanda, Rwandan – Kigali, 14 million, Kinyarwanda / French / English
- Sao Tome and Principe, Sao Tomean – Sao Tome, 0.2 million, Portuguese
- Senegal, Senegalese – Dakar, 18 million, French
- Seychelles, Seychellois – Victoria, 0.1 million, Seychellois Creole / English / French
- Sierra Leone, Sierra Leonean – Freetown, 8.8 million, English
- Somalia, Somali – Mogadishu, 18 million, Somali / Arabic
- South Africa, South African – Pretoria, 60 million, English (plus 10 others)
- South Sudan, South Sudanese – Juba, 11 million, English
- Sudan, Sudanese – Khartoum, 48 million, Arabic / English
- Tanzania, Tanzanian – Dodoma, 67 million, Swahili / English
- Togo, Togolese – Lome, 9 million, French
- Tunisia, Tunisian – Tunis, 12 million, Arabic
- Uganda, Ugandan – Kampala, 48 million, English / Swahili
- Zambia, Zambian – Lusaka, 20 million, English
- Zimbabwe, Zimbabwean – Harare, 16 million, English / Shona / Sindebele
- North America
- Bahamas, Bahamian – Nassau, 0.4 million, English
- Barbados, Barbadian – Bridgetown, 0.3 million, English
- Belize, Belizean – Belmopan, 0.4 million, English
- Canada, Canadian – Ottawa, 40 million, English / French
- Costa Rica, Costa Rican – San Jose, 5.2 million, Spanish
- Cuba, Cuban – Havana, 11 million, Spanish
- Dominica, Dominican – Roseau, 0.07 million, English
- Dominican Republic, Dominican – Santo Domingo, 11 million, Spanish
- El Salvador, Salvadoran – San Salvador, 6.3 million, Spanish
- Grenada, Grenadian – St. George's, 0.1 million, English
- Greenland, Greenlander – Nuuk, 0.057 million, Greenlandic / Danish
- Guatemala, Guatemalan – Guatemala City, 18 million, Spanish
- Haiti, Haitian – Port-au-Prince, 11 million, Haitian Creole / French
- Honduras, Honduran – Tegucigalpa, 10 million, Spanish
- Jamaica, Jamaican – Kingston, 2.8 million, English
- Mexico, Mexican – Mexico City, 129 million, Spanish
- Nicaragua, Nicaraguan – Managua, 7 million, Spanish
- Panama, Panamanian – Panama City, 4.5 million, Spanish
- Saint Lucia, Saint Lucian – Castries, 0.18 million, English
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Vincentian – Kingstown, 0.1 million, English
- Trinidad and Tobago, Trinidadian – Port of Spain, 1.5 million, English
- United States, American – Washington, D.C., 336 million, English
- South America
- Argentina, Argentinian – Buenos Aires, 46 million, Spanish
- Bolivia, Bolivian – La Paz, 12 million, Spanish / Quechua / Aymara
- Brazil, Brazilian – Brasilia, 216 million, Portuguese
- Chile, Chilean – Santiago, 19 million, Spanish
- Colombia, Colombian – Bogota, 52 million, Spanish
- Ecuador, Ecuadorian – Quito, 18 million, Spanish
- Guyana, Guyanese – Georgetown, 0.8 million, English
- Paraguay, Paraguayan – Asuncion, 7.5 million, Spanish / Guarani
- Peru, Peruvian – Lima, 34 million, Spanish / Quechua / Aymara
- Suriname, Surinamese – Paramaribo, 0.6 million, Dutch
- Uruguay, Uruguayan – Montevideo, 3.4 million, Spanish
- Venezuela, Venezuelan – Caracas, 28 million, Spanish
- Asia
- Afghanistan, Afghan – Kabul, 42 million, Dari / Pashto
- Armenia, Armenian – Yerevan, 2.8 million, Armenian
- Azerbaijan, Azerbaijani – Baku, 10 million, Azerbaijani
- Bahrain, Bahraini – Manama, 1.5 million, Arabic
- Bangladesh, Bangladeshi – Dhaka, 173 million, Bengali
- Bhutan, Bhutanese – Thimphu, 0.8 million, Dzongkha
- Brunei, Bruneian – Bandar Seri Begawan, 0.45 million, Malay
- Cambodia, Cambodian – Phnom Penh, 17 million, Khmer
- China, Chinese – Beijing, 1,425 million, Mandarin
- Georgia, Georgian – Tbilisi, 3.7 million, Georgian
- Hong Kong, Hong Konger – Hong Kong, 7.5 million, Chinese / English
- India, Indian – New Delhi, 1,417 million, Hindi / English
- Indonesia, Indonesian – Jakarta, 277 million, Indonesian
- Iran, Iranian – Tehran, 89 million, Persian
- Iraq, Iraqi – Baghdad, 45 million, Arabic / Kurdish
- Israel, Israeli – Jerusalem, 9.8 million, Hebrew / Arabic
- Japan, Japanese – Tokyo, 124 million, Japanese
- Jordan, Jordanian – Amman, 11 million, Arabic
- Kazakhstan, Kazakh – Astana, 20 million, Kazakh / Russian
- Kuwait, Kuwaiti – Kuwait City, 4.3 million, Arabic
- Kyrgyzstan, Kyrgyz – Bishkek, 7 million, Kyrgyz / Russian
- Laos, Laotian – Vientiane, 7.5 million, Lao
- Lebanon, Lebanese – Beirut, 5.4 million, Arabic
- Malaysia, Malaysian – Kuala Lumpur, 34 million, Malay
- Maldives, Maldivian – Male, 0.52 million, Dhivehi
- Mongolia, Mongolian – Ulaanbaatar, 3.4 million, Mongolian
- Myanmar, Burmese – Naypyidaw, 55 million, Burmese
- Nepal, Nepali – Kathmandu, 31 million, Nepali
- North Korea, North Korean – Pyongyang, 25 million, Korean
- Oman, Omani – Muscat, 4.7 million, Arabic
- Pakistan, Pakistani – Islamabad, 241 million, Urdu / English
- Philippines, Filipino – Manila, 117 million, Filipino / English
- Qatar, Qatari – Doha, 2.7 million, Arabic
- Saudi Arabia, Saudi – Riyadh, 37 million, Arabic
- Singapore, Singaporean – Singapore, 6 million, English / Malay / Chinese / Tamil
- South Korea, Korean – Seoul, 52 million, Korean
- Sri Lanka, Sri Lankan – Colombo, 22 million, Sinhala / Tamil
- Syria, Syrian – Damascus, 23 million, Arabic
- Taiwan, Taiwanese – Taipei, 24 million, Mandarin
- Tajikistan, Tajik – Dushanbe, 10 million, Tajik
- Thailand, Thai – Bangkok, 66 million, Thai
- Timor-Leste, Timorese – Dili, 1.4 million, Portuguese / Tetum
- Turkey, Turkish – Ankara, 85 million, Turkish
- Turkmenistan, Turkmen – Ashgabat, 7 million, Turkmen
- United Arab Emirates, Emirati – Abu Dhabi, 9.5 million, Arabic
- Uzbekistan, Uzbek – Tashkent, 36 million, Uzbek
- Vietnam, Vietnamese – Hanoi, 100 million, Vietnamese
- Yemen, Yemeni – Sana'a, 34 million, Arabic
- Europe
- Albania, Albanian – Tirana, 2.8 million, Albanian
- Andorra, Andorran – Andorra la Vella, 0.08 million, Catalan
- Austria, Austrian – Vienna, 9 million, German
- Belarus, Belarusian – Minsk, 9.2 million, Belarusian / Russian
- Belgium, Belgian – Brussels, 11.7 million, Dutch / French / German
- Bosnia, Bosnian – Sarajevo, 3.2 million, Bosnian
- Bulgaria, Bulgarian – Sofia, 6.4 million, Bulgarian
- Croatia, Croatian – Zagreb, 3.8 million, Croatian
- Cyprus, Cypriot – Nicosia, 1.2 million, Greek / Turkish
- Czech Republic, Czech – Prague, 10.5 million, Czech
- Denmark, Danish – Copenhagen, 5.9 million, Danish
- Estonia, Estonian – Tallinn, 1.3 million, Estonian
- Finland, Finnish – Helsinki, 5.5 million, Finnish / Swedish
- France, French – Paris, 65 million, French
- Germany, German – Berlin, 84 million, German
- Greece, Greek – Athens, 10.4 million, Greek
- Hungary, Hungarian – Budapest, 9.6 million, Hungarian
- Iceland, Icelander – Reykjavik, 0.4 million, Icelandic
- Ireland, Irish – Dublin, 5.3 million, English / Irish
- Italy, Italian – Rome, 59 million, Italian
- Latvia, Latvian – Riga, 1.9 million, Latvian
- Liechtenstein, Liechtensteiner – Vaduz, 0.04 million, German
- Lithuania, Lithuanian – Vilnius, 2.8 million, Lithuanian
- Luxembourg, Luxembourger – Luxembourg City, 0.7 million, Luxembourgish / French / German
- Malta, Maltese – Valletta, 0.52 million, Maltese / English
- Moldova, Moldovan – Chișinău, 2.6 million, Romanian
- Monaco, Monegasque – Monaco, 0.04 million, French
- Montenegro, Montenegrin – Podgorica, 0.6 million, Montenegrin
- Netherlands, Dutch – Amsterdam, 17.6 million, Dutch
- North Macedonia, Macedonian – Skopje, 2.1 million, Macedonian / Albanian
- Norway, Norwegian – Oslo, 5.5 million, Norwegian
- Poland, Polish – Warsaw, 37 million, Polish
- Portugal, Portuguese – Lisbon, 10.4 million, Portuguese
- Romania, Romanian – Bucharest, 19 million, Romanian
- Russia, Russian – Moscow, 143 million, Russian
- San Marino, Sammarinese – San Marino, 0.03 million, Italian
- Serbia, Serbian – Belgrade, 6.6 million, Serbian
- Slovakia, Slovak – Bratislava, 5.4 million, Slovak
- Slovenia, Slovenian – Ljubljana, 2.1 million, Slovene
- Spain, Spanish – Madrid, 47 million, Spanish
- Sweden, Swedish – Stockholm, 10.6 million, Swedish
- Switzerland, Swiss – Bern, 8.8 million, German / French / Italian / Romansh
- Ukraine, Ukrainian – Kyiv, 36 million, Ukrainian
- United Kingdom, British – London, 67 million, English
- Vatican City, Vatican – Vatican City, 0.0008 million, Italian / Latin
- Oceania
- Australia, Australian – Canberra, 26 million, English
- Fiji, Fijian – Suva, 0.9 million, English / Fijian / Hindi
- Kiribati, I-Kiribati – South Tarawa, 0.13 million, English / Gilbertese
- Marshall Islands, Marshallese – Majuro, 0.06 million, Marshallese / English
- Micronesia, Micronesian – Palikir, 0.1 million, English
- Nauru, Nauruan – Yaren, 0.011 million, Nauruan / English
- New Zealand, New Zealander – Wellington, 5.2 million, English / Māori
- Papua New Guinea, Papua New Guinean – Port Moresby, 10.3 million, English / Tok Pisin
- Samoa, Samoan – Apia, 0.2 million, Samoan / English
- Solomon Islands, Solomon Islander – Honiara, 0.7 million, English
- Tonga, Tongan – Nukuʻalofa, 0.1 million, Tongan / English
- Tuvalu, Tuvaluan – Funafuti, 0.011 million, Tuvaluan / English
- Vanuatu, Ni-Vanuatu – Port Vila, 0.33 million, Bislama / English / French